A novel dual-channel cassava starch/polyvinyl alcohol-based film for visual monitoring of shrimp freshness.

In this study, the polyvinylpyrrolidone-alizarin nanoparticles (PVP-AZ NPs) with favorable water dispersion and the carbon quantum dots (RQDs) with aggregate induced emission effect were synthesized to construct an eco-friendly film for food freshness monitoring. The introduction of PVP-AZ NPs and RQDs enhanced the network structure and thermal stability of the cassava starch/polyvinyl alcohol film, and reduced its crystallinity and light transmittance via non-covalent binding with the film-forming matrix. The developed film exhibited visually recognizable colorimetric and fluorescent responses to ammonia at 0.025-25 mg/mL, and it can be reused at least 6 times. Practical application experiment proved that the film, as an indicator label, can achieve accurate, real-time, and visual dynamic monitoring of the freshness of shrimp stored at 25 °C, 4 °C, and - 20 °C under daylight (orange yellow to purple) and UV light (red to blue). The integration of multivariate detection technology can eliminate the interference of external factors by self-correction to improve sensitivity and reliability, which provides a reference for the development of other food quality and safety monitoring platforms.

Interactive effects between water temperature, microparticle compositions, and fiber types on the marine keystone species Americamysis bahia.

Recently, there has been an increasing emphasis on examining the ecotoxicological effects of anthropogenic microparticles (MPs), especially microplastic particles, and related issues. Nevertheless, a notable deficiency exists in our understanding of the consequences on marine organisms, specifically in relation to microfibers and the combined influence of MPs and temperature. In this investigation, mysid shrimp (Americamysis bahia), an important species and prey item in estuarine and marine food webs, were subjected to four separate experimental trials involving fibers (cotton, nylon, polyester, hemp; 3 particles/ml; approximately 200 µm in length) or fragments (low-density Polyethylene: LDPE, polylactic acid: PLA, and their leachates; 5, 50, 200, 500 particles/ml; 1-20 µm). To consider the effects in the context of climate change, three different temperatures (22, 25, and 28 °C) were examined. Organismal growth and swimming behavior were measured following exposure to fragments and microfibers, and reactive oxygen species and particle uptake were investigated after microfiber exposure. To simulate the physical characteristics of MP exposure, such as microfibers obstructing the gills, we also assessed the post-fiber-exposure swimming behavior in an oxygen-depleted environment. Data revealed negligible fragment, but fiber exposure effects on growth. PLA leachate triggered higher activity at 25 °C and 28 °C; LDPE exposures led to decreased activity at 28 °C. Cotton exposures led to fewer behavioral differences compared to controls than other fiber types. The exposure to hemp fibers resulted in significant ROS increases at 28 °C. Microfibers were predominantly located within the gastric and upper gastrointestinal tract, suggesting extended periods of residence and the potential for obstructive phenomena over the longer term. The combination of increasing water temperatures, microplastic influx, and oxidative stress has the potential to pose risks to all components of marine and aquatic food webs.

Integrating metagenomic and isolation strategies revealed high contamination of pathogenies and resistome in market shrimps.

This study employs a comprehensive approach combining metagenomic analysis and bacterial isolation to elucidate the microbial composition, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and virulence factors (VFGs) present in shrimps from market and supermarket. Metagenomic analysis of shrimps revealed a dominance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes with Firmicutes notably enriched in some samples. On the other hand, the dominant bacteria isolated included Citrobacter portucalensis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Vibrio species and Klebsiella pneumonaie. Metagenomic analysis unveiled a diverse spectrum of 23 main types and 380 subtypes of ARGs in shrimp samples including many clinical significant ARGs such as blaKPC, blaNDM, mcr, tet(X4) etc. Genomic analysis of isolated bacterial strains identified 14 ARG types with 109 subtype genes, which complemented the metagenomic data. Genomic analysis also allowed us to identify a rich amount of MDR plasmids, which provided further insights into the dissemination of resistance genes in different species of bacteria in the same samples. Examination of VFGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in both metagenomic and bacterial genomes revealed a complex landscape of factors contributing to bacterial virulence and genetic mobility. Potential co-occurrence patterns of ARGs and VFGs within human pathogenic bacteria underlined the intricate interplay between antibiotic resistance and virulence. In conclusion, this integrated analysis for the first time provides a comprehensive view and sheds new light on the potential hazards associated with shrimp products in the markets. The findings underscore the necessity of ongoing surveillance and intervention strategies to mitigate risks posed by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the food supply chain using the novel comprehensive approaches.

Nitrite nitrogen stress disrupts the intestine bacterial community by altering host-community interactions in shrimp.

Environmental stress can disrupt the intricate interactions between the host and intestine microbiota, thereby impacting the host health. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the dynamic changes in the bacterial community within shrimp intestines under nitrite nitrogen (nitrite-N) stress and investigate potential host-related factors influencing these changes. Our results revealed a significant reduction in community diversity within the intestine exposed to nitrite-N compared to control conditions. Furthermore, distinct differences in community structures were observed between these two groups at 72 h and 120 h post-stress induction. Nitrite-N stress also altered the abundances of some bacterial species in the intestine dramatically. It is noteworthy that, in comparison to the 72 h, intestine bacterial community structure of stressed shrimp exhibited a significantly higher degree of dispersion after 120 h of nitrite-N stress when compared to control shrimp, and the relative abundance of numerous bacterial species experienced a substantial decrease or even reached 0 %. Moreover, it led to a reduction in bacterial community interactions and decreased competitiveness within the intestine microbiota. Notably, the influence of bacterial community assemblies in the shrimp intestine shifted from a stochastic process to a deterministic one after 24 h and 72 h of nitrite-N stress, returning to a stochastic process at 120 h. We further observed a close association between this phenomenon and host's response to nitrite-N stress. Expression levels of differentially expressed genes in the intestinal tissue significantly impact the intestine bacterial diversity and abundance of species. In particular, the significant decline in bacterial diversity and abundances of quite a few species in intestine was attributed to the up-regulation of peritrophin-48-like. Overall, nitrite-N stress indeed disrupted the intestine microbiota and changed the host-microbiota interactions of shrimp. This study offered novel insights into environment-host-microbiota interactions and also provided practical guidance for promoting healthy shrimp cultivation practices.

An ecotoxicological assessment of a strigolactone mimic used as the active ingredient in a plant biostimulant formulation.

A risk assessment on the aquatic toxicity of the plant biostimulant strigolactone mimic (2-(4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan-2-yloxy)-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione (SL-6) was performed using a suite of standardised bioassays representing different trophic groups and acute and chronic endpoints. In freshwater, three trophic groups of algae, crustacea and fish were used. Whilst in seawater, algae (unicellular and macroalgae), Crustacea and Mollusca were employed. In addition, the genotoxicity of SL-6 was determined with the comet assessment performed on unicellular marine algae, oysters, and fish embryos. This was the first time ecotoxicity tests have been performed on SL-6. In freshwater, the lowest LOEC was measured in the unicellular algae at 0.31 mg/L SL-6. Although, similar LOEC values were found for embryo malformations and impacts on hatching rate in zebrafish (LOEC 0.31-0.33 mg/L). Consistent malformations of pericardial and yolk sac oedemas were identified in the zebrafish embryos at 0.31 mg/L. In marine species, the lowest LOEC was found for both Tisbe battagliai mortality and microalgae growth at an SL-6 concentration of 1.0 mg/L. Significant genotoxicity was observed above control levels at 0.0031 mg/L SL-6 in the unicellular algae and 0.001 mg/L SL-6 in the oyster and zebrafish larvae. When applying the simple risk assessment, based on the lowest NOECs and appropriate assessment factors, the calculated predicted no effect concentration (PNEC), for the ecotoxicity and the genotoxicity tests were 1.0 µg/L and 0.01 µg/L respectively.

Biomonitoring of mercury and selenium in commercially important shellfish: Distribution pattern, health benefit assessment and consumption advisories.

This study aims to explore the concentrations of Se and Hg in shellfish along the Gulf of Mannar (GoM) coast (Southeast India) and to estimate related risks and risk-based consumption limits for children, pregnant women, and adults. Se concentrations in shrimp, crab, and cephalopods ranged from 0.256 to 0.275 mg kg-1, 0.182 to 0.553 mg kg-1, and 0.176 to 0.255 mg kg-1, respectively, whereas Hg concentrations differed from 0.009 to 0.014 mg kg-1, 0.022 to 0.042 mg kg-1 and 0.011 to 0.024 mg kg-1, respectively. Se and Hg content in bamboo shark (C. griseum) was 0.242 mg kg-1 and 0.082 mg kg-1, respectively. The lowest and highest Se concentrations were found in C. indicus (0.176 mg kg-1) and C. natator (0.553 mg kg-1), while Hg was found high in C. griseum (0.082 mg kg-1) and low in P. vannamei (0.009 mg kg-1). Se shellfishes were found in the following order: crabs > shrimp > shark > cephalopods, while that of Hg were shark > crabs > cephalopods > shrimp. Se in shellfish was negatively correlated with trophic level (TL) and size (length and weight), whereas Hg was positively correlated with TL and size. Hg concentrations in shellfish were below the maximum residual limits (MRL) of 0.5 mg kg-1 for crustaceans and cephalopods set by FSSAI, 0.5 mg kg-1 for crustaceans and 1.0 mg kg-1 for cephalopods and sharks prescribed by the European Commission (EC/1881/2006). Se risk-benefit analysis, the AI (actual intake):RDI (recommended daily intake) ratio was > 100%, and the AI:UL (upper limit) ratio was < 100%, indicating that all shellfish have sufficient level of Se to meet daily requirements without exceeding the upper limit (UL). The target hazard quotient (THQ < 1) and hazard index (HI < 1) imply that the consumption of shellfish has no non-carcinogenic health impacts for all age groups. However, despite variations among the examined shellfish, it was consistently observed that they all exhibited a Se:Hg molar ratio > 1. This finding implies that the consumption of shellfish is generally safe in terms of Hg content. The health benefit indexes, Se-HBV and HBVse, consistently showed high positive values across all shellfish, further supporting the protective influence of Se against Hg toxicity and reinforcing the overall safety of shellfish consumption. Enhancing comprehension of food safety analysis, it is crucial to recognize that the elevated Se:Hg ratio in shellfish may be attributed to regular selenoprotein synthesis and the mitigation of Hg toxicity by substituting Se bound to Hg.

Life cycle assessment on environmental feasibility of microalgae-based wastewater treatment for shrimp recirculating aquaculture systems.

This life cycle assessment (LCA) study analyzed the environmental consequences of integrating microalgae-based wastewater treatment into a shrimp farm with recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Microalgae treatment produced <10 % of the system's freshwater eutrophication potential (FEP), marine eutrophication potential (MEP) and global warming potential, which was dominantly contributed by electricity use. Microalgae treatment performed comparably to activated sludge treatment for FEP reduction, and was more effective in remediating marine eutrophication. Replacing coal in electricity mix, particularly with renewables, reduced the system's impacts by up to 90-99 %. Performing the LCA based on system expansion generally obtained higher impacts compared to allocation. Utilizing algal biomass for biogas production reduced the MEP; however, production of feed ingredient and biodiesel were not environmentally beneficial. This study proved the use of microalgae for aquaculture wastewater treatment to be environmentally feasible, the results can guide more sustainable RAS operations and design of full-scale microalgae treatment.

Three new species of sea star parasite Dendrogaster (Crustacea: Thecostraca) from Japan.

Three new species of ascothoracidan crustaceans, Dendrogaster danni sp. nov., Dendrogaster tanabensis sp. nov., and Dendrogaster jinshomaruae sp. nov. are described from the sea around the Kii Peninsula on the Pacific coast of central Japan. They are found in the coelomic cavities of the sea stars, Neoferdina japonica Oguro & Misaki, 1986., Henricia sp., and Coronaster volsellatus (Sladen, 1889), respectively. Morphological examinations and DNA barcoding analyses of these new species are reported in this study. The emergence of Dendrogaster from their host sea stars is also noted. These findings represent the 11th to 13th species of Dendrogaster that infest Japanese sea stars.

Non-marine Ostracoda (Crustacea) collected from pet shops and a hobbyists aquaria in Japan, including two new species.

Samples obtained from pet shops and a hobbyists aquaria in Japan have revealed a diverse non-marine ostracod fauna, consisting of 19 species, all contaminants of aquaria stocked with exotic fish, shrimps and/or aquatic plants. Of these, six are newly recorded for Japan, including two new species, belonging to the genera Pseudostrandesia and Tanycypris. Pseudostrandesia tenebrarum Smith & Ozawa, 2021, previously suspected to be an alien species in Japan, was again found in pet shops in this study. We also report living specimens of Potamocypris acuminata Fuhrmann & Goth, 2011, a species previously only known from Pleistocene deposits of Germany. The six new records for Japan reported herein are likely alien species as evidenced by previous records or congeneric species, with origins in East Asia, South East Asia, and the Americas. Thus, there are now seven ostracod species recognized as probable alien hitchhikers in the Japanese pet trade. This study highlights that the pet trade is a viable route for hitchhiking ostracod species to enter Japan, and such species have the potential to become invasive.

Reappraisal of Eiconaxius farreae Ortmann, 1891 and Eiconaxius mortenseni Sakai, 1992 (Decapoda: Axiidea: Axiidae), with description of a new species from Japan.

The sponge associated axiid shrimp Eiconaxius farreae Ortmann, 1891 was originally described based on specimens from Sagami Bay, central Japan. Morphological examination of many specimens of Eiconaxius collected from Sagami Bay and nearby areas, and genetic data from the mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA genes have revealed that three species are represented. This finding led to a reappraisal of the identity of E. farreae and E. mortenseni Sakai, 1992, also originally described from Sagami Bay. It has been clarified that two species (E. farreae and an undescribed species) were mixed in the syntype material of E. farreae, and consequently, a lectotype of E. farreae is designated in the interest of nomenclatural stability. Here, E. farreae and E. mortenseni are redescribed, and the third species is described as new, E. reconditus. The new species is morphologically very similar to E. mortenseni. Differentiating characters among closely allied species are reassessed. Previous records of E. farreae are reviewed in light of the present findings.

The genus Boreomysis G.O. Sars, 1869 (Peracarida, Mysida, Mysidae) in western Mexico.

Two species of the genus Boreomysis, B. arctica (Kryer, 1861) and B. californica Ortmann, 1894, were collected in western Mexico. In the eastern Pacific, Boreomysis arctica had previously been recorded from the Bering Sea to southern California. New records in Mexico extend its southernmost distribution limit to 172533 N, off SW Mexico, including samples collected off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula and the Gulf of California (25 specimens in 12 samples). In the eastern Pacific, B. californica has been reported from Alaska to Peru, with its type locality in the Central Gulf of California. During this study, it was by far the most frequently species collected (343 specimens in 58 samples) off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula in the Gulf of California, and off SW Mexico (south to 165800 N).

Bioluminescence of (R)-Cypridina Luciferin with Cypridina Luciferase.

Cypridina luciferin (CypL) is a marine natural product that functions as the luminous substrate for the enzyme Cypridina luciferase (CypLase). CypL has two enantiomers, (R)- and (S)-CypL, due to its one chiral center at the sec-butyl moiety. Previous studies reported that (S)-CypL or racemic CypL with CypLase produced light, but the luminescence of (R)-CypL with CypLase has not been investigated. Here, we examined the luminescence of (R)-CypL, which had undergone chiral separation from the enantiomeric mixture, with a recombinant CypLase. Our luminescence measurements demonstrated that (R)-CypL with CypLase produced light, indicating that (R)-CypL must be considered as the luminous substrate for CypLase, as in the case of (S)-CypL, rather than a competitive inhibitor for CypLase. Additionally, we found that the maximum luminescence intensity from the reaction of (R)-CypL with CypLase was approximately 10 fold lower than that of (S)-CypL with CypLase, but our kinetic analysis of CypLase showed that the Km value of CypLase for (R)-CypL was approximately 3 fold lower than that for (S)-CypL. Furthermore, the chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the reaction mixture of racemic CypL with CypLase showed that (R)-CypL was consumed more slowly than (S)-CypL. These results indicate that the turnover rate of CypLase for (R)-CypL was lower than that for (S)-CypL, which caused the less efficient luminescence of (R)-CypL with CypLase.

Identification of the single and combined acute toxicity of Cr and Ni with Heterocypris sp. and the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model.

Mining wastewater with heavy metals poses a serious threat to the ecological environment. However, the acute single and combined ecological effects of heavy metals, such as chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni), on freshwater ostracods, and the development of relevant prediction models, remain poorly understood. In this study, Heterocypris sp. was chosen to investigate the single and combined acute toxicity of Cr and Ni. Then, the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was used to predict the combined toxicity of Cr and Ni. The single acute toxicity experiments revealed high toxicity for both Cr and Ni. In addition, Cr exhibited greater toxicity compared to Ni, as evidenced by its lower 96-hour half-lethal concentration (LC50) of 1.07 mg/L compared to 4.7 mg/L for Ni. Furthermore, the combined acute toxicity experiments showed that the toxicity of Cr-Ni was higher than Ni but lower than Cr. Compared with the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) models, the predicted results of the QSAR model were more consistent with the experimental results for the Cr-Ni combined acute toxicity. So, the high accuracy of QSAR model identified its feasibility to predict the toxicity of heavy metal pollutants in mining wastewater.

Ingestion and adherence of microplastics by estuarine mysid shrimp.

Microplastics have been reported to be present in zooplankton, yet questions persist regarding their fate and dynamics within biota. We selected the commercial mysid shrimp, Mesopodopsis orientalis, as the focal zooplankton for this study due to their crucial role in our study area, the Inner Gulf of Thailand in January 2022. We investigated the presence of microplastics in mysid bodies and fecal pellets, examining both attached microplastics on external body parts and those ingested. In addition, we conducted microplastic feeding experiments, exposing mysids to various treatments of microplastics. The results of the field investigation indicate that mysids exhibited an average of 0.12 ± 0.03 microplastic items/mysid from whole-body samples. The shape, type, and color of microplastics found in mysids were similar to those present in seawater, with blue PET microfibers being the most prevalent. Our observations on live mysids revealed that microplastics were acquired through ingestion and adherence to appendages and exoskeletons. Microplastics were observed in mysid's fecal pellets at 0.09 ± 0.03 items/mysid, while microplastics adhering to the mysid's body and appendages were observed at 0.10 ± 0.04 items/mysid. The sizes of microplastics extracted from preserved mysids ranged from 58 µm to 4669 µm, with median of 507 µm. The laboratory experiments revealed that the presence of microalgae enhanced microplastic ingestion in mysids; microplastics incubated with a cyanobacterium, Oscillatoria sp., and diatom Navicula sp. significantly increased the number of microplastic particles ingested by mysids. This study showed that microplastics can be more ingested in mysids, especially when food items are present. Microplastic fate in these animals may involve expulsion into the environment or adherence, potentially facilitating their transfer up the marine food web.

Hull-cleaning wastewater poses serious acute and chronic toxicity to a marine mysid-A multigenerational study.

We conducted a comprehensive assessment involving acute effects on 96-hour survival and biochemical parameters, as well as chronic effects on growth and reproduction spanning three generations of the marine mysid Neomysis awatschensis exposed to filtered wastewater to evaluate the potential impact of ship hull-cleaning wastewater on crustaceans. The analyzed wastewater exhibited elevated concentrations of metals, specifically zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) and metal-based antifoulants, i.e., Cu pyrithoine (CuPT) and Zn pyrithoine (ZnPT). The results revealed dose-dependent reductions in survival rates, accompanied by a notable increase in oxidative stress, in response to the sublethal values of two wastewater samples: 1) mechanically filtered using the cleaning system (MF) and 2) additionally filtered in the laboratory (LF) for 96 h. Mysids exposed to MF displayed higher mortality than those exposed to LF. Furthermore, mysids subjected to continuous exposure of 0.001% LF across three generations exhibited significant inhibition of the feeding rate, more pronounced growth retardation along with an extended intermolt duration, and a diminished rate of reproduction compared to the control. A noteworthy inhibition of the feeding rate and growth was observed in the first generation exposed only to the LF sample. However, although the reproduction rate was not significantly affected. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential harm posed by sublethal concentrations of wastewater to the health of mysid populations under consistent exposure.

Fabrication and characterization of chitosan/anthocyanin intelligent packaging film fortified by cellulose nanocrystal for shrimp preservation and visual freshness monitoring.

In this study, a multi-functional packaging film was fabricated, utilizing the natural polysaccharide chitosan (CS) as the base material, integrating natural blueberry anthocyanin (AN) as pH-responsive indicator, and reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The implications of addition levels of CNCs on the characteristics of the films were systematically investigated, resulting in that CS-AN-CNCs 9 % film exhibited optimal performance. Specifically, the film showed a substantial enhancement in maximum tensile strength from 15 MPa to 35 MPa; On the other hand, the swelling degree properties, the oxygen permeability and water vapor permeability decreased from 159.2 % to 92.0 %, from 51.7 g/(m2d) to 12.2 g/(m2d), from 31.6 × 10-12 g/(m·s·Pa) to 1.6 × 10-12 g/(m·s·Pa), respectively. Moreover, the CS-AN-CNCs 9 % film exhibited antioxidant, antibacterial, coupled with a color metrically responsive to pH variations, displaying great potential in indicating the shrimp freshness and delaying spoilage. Another notable advantage of the-prepared packaging material lies in its completely biodegradability, therefore meeting the requirement of environmental protection. Therefore, the prepared CS-AN-CNCs film as an intelligent packaging solution with potential applications in food preservation and freshness monitoring applications.

Smart nano-inks based on natural food colorant for screen-printing of dynamic shelf life of shrimp.

Intelligent packaging embedded with food freshness indicators can monitor food quality and be deployed for food safety and cutting food waste. The innovative nano-inks for dynamic shelf-life printing based on natural food colorant with application in real-time monitoring of shrimp freshness were prepared. Co-assembly of saffron petal anthocyanin (SPA) with hydrophobic curcumin (Cur) into chitin nano-scaffold (particle sizes around 26 ± 8 nm) could deliver hindering SPA leaching, confirmed by FT-IR, FE-SEM, AFM, and color stability test. The best response to pH-sensitivity was found in a ratio of (1:4) Cur/SPA (30% (v/w) in ChNFs that was correlated with the chemical and microbial changes of shrimp during shrimp freshness. However, smart screen-printed inks signified higher responsiveness to pH changes than FFI films. Therefore, smart-printed indicators introduced the excellent potential for a short response time, easy, cost-effective, eco-friendly, co-assembly, great color stabilities, and lifetime for nondestructively freshness monitoring foods and supplements.

Surface defects due to bacterial residue on shrimp shell.

The changes in the surface chemistry and morphological structure of chitin forms obtained from shrimp shells (ShpS) with and without microorganisms were evaluated. Total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), estimated Pseudomonas spp. and Enterococcus spp. were counted in Shp-S by classical cultural counting on agar medium, where the counts were 6.56 ± 0.09, 6.30 ± 0.12, and 3.15 ± 0.03 CFU/g, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Energy dispersed X-ray (EDX) were used to assess the surface chemistry/functional groups and morphological structure for ChTfree (non-microorganism), and ChTmo (with microorganisms). ChTfree FTIR spectra presented a detailed chitin structure by OH, NH, and CO stretching vibrations, whereas specific peaks of chitin could not be detected in ChTmo. Major differences were also found in SEM analysis for ChTfree and ChTmo. ChTfree had a flat, prominent micropore, partially homogeneous structure, while ChTmo had a layered, heterogeneous, complex dense fibrous, and lost pores form. The degree of deacetylation was calculated for ChTfree and ChTmo according to FTIR and EDX data. The results suggest that the degree of deacetylation decreases in the presence of microorganisms, affecting the production of beneficial components negatively. The findings were also supported by the molecular docking model.

A comprehensive review on the utilization of probiotics in aquaculture towards sustainable shrimp farming.

Probiotics in shrimp aquaculture have gained considerable attention as a potential solution to enhance production efficiency, disease management, and overall sustainability. Probiotics, beneficial microorganisms, have shown promising effects when administered to shrimp as dietary supplements or water additives. Their inclusion has been linked to improved gut health, nutrient absorption, and disease resistance in shrimp. Probiotics also play a crucial role in maintaining a balanced microbial community within the shrimp pond environment, enhancing water quality and reducing pathogen prevalence. This article briefly summarizes the many ways that probiotics are used in shrimp farming and the advantages that come with them. Despite the promising results, challenges such as strain selection, dosage optimization, and environmental conditions are carefully addressed for successful probiotic integration in shrimp aquaculture. The potential of probiotics as a sustainable and ecologically friendly method of promoting shrimp development and health while advancing environmentally friendly shrimp farming techniques is highlighted in this analysis. Further research is required to fully exploit probiotics' benefits and develop practical guidelines for their effective implementation in shrimp aquaculture.